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Subarctic climate
The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate or boreal climate) is a climate characterised by long, usually very cold winters, and short, cool to mild summers. It is found on large landmasses, away from the moderating effects of an ocean, generally at latitudes from 50° to 70°N poleward of the humid continental climates. These climates represent Köppen climate classification ''Dfc'', ''Dwc'', ''Dsc'', ''Dfd'', ''Dwd'' and ''Dsd''. In very small areas at high altitudes around the Mediterranean Basin, Iran, Tajikistan, Turkey, northwestern United States (Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon and Idaho) the climate is classified as ''Dsc'' with a dry summer climate, such as in Seneca, Oregon.
==Description==
This type of climate offers some of the most extreme seasonal temperature variations found on the planet: in winter, temperatures can drop to and in summer, the temperature may exceed . However, the summers are short; no more than three months of the year (but at least one month) must have a 24-hour average temperature of at least to fall into this category of climate.
With 5–7 consecutive months where the average temperature is below freezing, all moisture in the soil and subsoil freezes solidly to depths of many feet. Summer warmth is insufficient to thaw more than a few surface feet, so permafrost prevails under most areas not near the southern boundary of this climate zone. Seasonal thaw penetrates from , depending on latitude, aspect, and type of ground.〔(Subarctic Division )〕 Some northern areas with subarctic climates located near oceans (southern Alaska, the northern fringe of Europe, Sakhalin Oblast and Kamchatka Oblast), have milder winters and no permafrost, and are more suited for farming unless precipitation is excessive. The frost-free season is very short, varying from about 45 to 100 days at most, and a freeze can occur during any month in many areas.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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